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No artwork more radically severs the link between artist’s intention and public meaning than Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (1917). For the Society of Independent Artists exhibition in New York, Duchamp submitted a standard, porcelain urinal, signed with the pseudonym “R. Mutt.” His stated intention was to challenge the very definition of art. He wanted to test the institution’s promise to accept all works, and he wanted to force a question: if an artist selects an ordinary object, gives it a title, and places it in a gallery, does it become art? Duchamp’s intention was conceptual, not aesthetic. He declared, “The choice was based on a reaction of visual indifference, with at the same time a total absence of good or bad taste… in fact a complete anesthesia” (Duchamp, qtd. in Tomkins 180). Yet, the public and critical interpretation of Fountain has wildly exceeded Duchamp’s original, somewhat cynical experiment. Over the past century, Fountain has been interpreted as a profound critique of capitalist commodification of art, a proto-feminist jab at phallic-centered modernism, a dadaist joke, and the founding gesture of conceptual art. While Duchamp intended to provoke a philosophical question about taste and craftsmanship, generations of viewers have turned Fountain into a symbolic origin point for nearly every radical artistic movement of the 20th century. This demonstrates the ultimate power of the viewer: an artwork’s cultural meaning is what history and its audience make of it, regardless of the artist’s initial spark.

Hollow Form with Inner Form [bronze sculpture]. In-Text Citation: (Artist's Last Name, Year). Example: (Goya, 1820-1823). UWE Bristol +2 Core Citation Elements If you are unsure of the style, including these details in a list will typically satisfy most instructors: Artist: Full name of the creator. Title: Usually italicized. Date: When the piece was completed. Medium: What it's made of (e.g., oil on canvas, bronze, digital artwork). Location: The museum, gallery, or website where you found it. Academy of Art University +3 10 sites Citing Art Sources Correctly: A Quick Guide - See Great Art Jul 29, 2024 — homework art class cite

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Truth and Method . 2nd rev. ed., translated by Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall, Continuum, 1989. No artwork more radically severs the link between

In addition to the citation formats above, you'll also need to include in-text citations to credit the sources in your art class homework: He wanted to test the institution’s promise to