Conversely, states used privateering as a low-cost naval strategy. By outsourcing maritime warfare, governments could damage rivals without maintaining expensive standing fleets. The downside was the inherent difficulty of controlling privateers, who routinely attacked neutral or allied shipping, leading to diplomatic crises.
: Just as historic pirateering affected the movement of artworks and wealth, modern digital pirateering causes massive shifts in global economic data and intellectual property. Conclusion pirateering
: Intelligence agencies may offer protection or immunity to cybercriminals in exchange for their technical skills. Conversely, states used privateering as a low-cost naval