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: Victims are predominantly female, though men are also targeted; perpetrators are overwhelmingly male.

Vitriolage is a brutal, disfiguring crime rooted in patriarchal control, weak chemical regulation, and judicial impunity. While nations like Bangladesh have demonstrated that strong laws and enforcement can reduce incidence, globally the crime remains underrecognized. Survivors often face a lifetime of physical suffering, social exile, and psychological trauma. Effective response requires a triad of —including challenging norms that equate female autonomy with shame.