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The neurotransmitter plays a central role in encoding RPEs. Dopamine neurons, particularly those located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SNc), adjust their firing rates based on these error signals.

When the outcome matches expectations, no update is needed. The Dopaminergic Basis of RPEs

RPEs are influenced by the cost of effort. Research indicates that the effort required to reach a goal can strengthen the learning effect of a positive RPE, making individuals with high effort aversion more sensitive to the reward value. Clinical Significance and Dysfunctions

Rpes

The neurotransmitter plays a central role in encoding RPEs. Dopamine neurons, particularly those located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SNc), adjust their firing rates based on these error signals.

When the outcome matches expectations, no update is needed. The Dopaminergic Basis of RPEs The neurotransmitter plays a central role in encoding RPEs

RPEs are influenced by the cost of effort. Research indicates that the effort required to reach a goal can strengthen the learning effect of a positive RPE, making individuals with high effort aversion more sensitive to the reward value. Clinical Significance and Dysfunctions The neurotransmitter plays a central role in encoding RPEs

rpes