How Does Heparin Cause Hyperkalemia -

Aldosterone normally acts on the collecting duct of the kidney to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion via epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pumps . With less aldosterone, potassium secretion decreases, leading to potassium retention.

Heparin impairs the production of , a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex (specifically the zona glomerulosa ). Aldosterone is essential for regulating sodium and potassium levels. When its production is blocked, the body loses its primary mechanism for excreting potassium, leading to hyperkalemia. how does heparin cause hyperkalemia

Aldosterone suppression can be observed as early as four days after beginning therapy. Risk Factors for Heparin-Induced Hyperkalemia Aldosterone normally acts on the collecting duct of

Heparin decreases the number of angiotensin II receptors on the cells of the zona glomerulosa. Since angiotensin II is a primary stimulant for aldosterone release, the adrenal gland becomes less responsive to signals that would normally trigger hormone production. Aldosterone is essential for regulating sodium and potassium

Reduced aldosterone secretion leads to impaired renal potassium secretion in the distal convoluted tubule, a condition similar to Type 4 Renal Tubular Acidosis.

Heparin reduces both the number and affinity of angiotensin II receptors in the adrenal zona glomerulosa. Since angiotensin II is the primary stimulant for releasing aldosterone, its inability to bind properly results in a significant reduction in aldosterone output.